[PDF] Complete Notes of English Grammar ‘Parts Of Speech’

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Parts of Speech, Types, Definition, Examples and Practice sets PDF of English Grammar

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English Grammar: Parts Of Speech

There are 8 parts of speech in the English language:

I. Noun
II. Pronoun
III. Verb
IV. Adjective
V. Adverb
VI. Preposition
VII. Conjunction
VIII. Interjection

Noun (संज्ञा)

Definition: A noun is the name of any person, place, or thing.

A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are often used with an article (the, a, an), but not always. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter; common nouns do not. Nouns can be singular or plural, concrete or abstract.

Nouns show possession by adding 's. Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence; for example, a noun can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition.

Examples of Noun:

Cow, Boy, Taj Mahal, Happiness, Ganga

Pronoun (सर्वनाम)

Definition: A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun.

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its antecedent. In the sentence above, the antecedent for the pronoun she is the girl.

I. Pronouns are further defined by type:
II. Personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things;
III. Possessive pronouns indicate ownership;
IV. Reflexive pronouns are used to emphasize another noun or pronoun;
V. Relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause;
VI. Demonstrative pronouns identify, point to, or refer to nouns.

Examples of Pronoun:

I, we, you, they

Verb (क्रिया)

Definition: “A verb expresses action or being.”

A verb in a sentence expresses an action or being. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more auxiliary verbs.
A verb must agree with its subject in number (both are singular or both are plural). Verbs also take various forms to express tenses.

Examples of Verb:

Is, have, see, go etc.

Adjective (विशेषण)

“An adjective modifies or describes a noun or pronoun”

An adjective is a word that is used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun. It usually answers the question of which, what kind or how much.

Example of Adjective:

Black, White, fat etc.

Adverb (क्रिया-विशेषण)

“An adverb modifies or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.”

An adverb describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or any other adverb, but never a noun. It usually answers questions like when, where, how, why, under what circumstances or to what extent. Adverbs often end in -ly.

Examples of Adverb:

Slowly, smoothly etc.

Preposition (संबन्धवाचक)

“A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence.”

A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun that modifies another word in a sentence. Therefore a preposition is always part of a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase almost always functions as an adjective or adverb.

Examples of Preposition:

On, in, with, out etc.

Conjunction (संयुक्तवाचक)

“A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses.”

A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between the elements joined.

I. Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet, etc.
II. Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses that are not equal: because, although, while, since, etc.

There are some other types of conjunctions as well.

Examples of Conjunction:

Because, although, while etc.

Interjection (विस्मयाधिबोधक)

“An interjection is a word used to express emotion.”

Interjection is a word that is used to express feelings. It is often followed by an exclamation mark.

Examples of Interjection:

Oops! Oh! Wow!