Humayun Biography in English- Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline

Humayun Biography in English- Childhood, Life Achievements & Timeline

Humayun was a great Mughal ruler The son of the first Mughal Emperor Babar was Nasiruddin Humayun (6 March 1508 - 22 February, 1556). Although the empire did not last for many years, Humayun contributed to the foundation of the Mughal Empire.

Humayun's life in English

Introduction

Humayun was a great Mughal ruler The son of the first Mughal Emperor Babar was Nasiruddin Humayun (6 March 1508 - 22 February, 1556). Although the empire did not last for many years, Humayun contributed to the foundation of the Mughal Empire. 

After Babur's death, Humayun took over the throne of India in 1530, and his half brother Kamran Mirza took control of Kabul and Lahore. Babur divided the state in such a way that before the dying so that the brothers could not fight in the future. 

Kamran later became Humayun's tough opponent. Humayun's regime remained in Afghanistan, Pakistan and parts of northern India from 1530-1540 and then 1555-1556.

Early life of Humayun

On December of 26, 1530, after the death of Babar, on December 30, 1530 AD, Humayun was coronated at the age of 23. Babar had declared Humayun as the successor of the throne before his death.

In addition to giving succession to Humayun, Babar had also directed to distribute a wide empire to his brothers, so he gave Asakari Sabhal, Hindal to Mewat and Kamran as the sub-kingdom of Punjab. Babur celebrates the birth of Humayun in Kabar's Chahar garden. 

In this way the division of the empire was one of Humayun's fierce mistakes, due to which he had to face many internal difficulties and in the past Humayun's brothers did not support him. Indeed, this split of imperial empire, proved to be fatal for Humayun in the long run. Although his most powerful enemies were Afghan, but his non-cooperation with the brothers and some personal weaknesses of Humayun proved to be the cause of his failure.

Humayun Mughal ruler, who ruled in India

Humayun was another Mughal ruler, who ruled at presently in Afghanistan, Pakistan and some parts of northern India from 1531-1540 and then again from 1555-1556. Like his father, Babar, he had lost his empire soon but later he had reclaimed with the help of Safavid dynasty of Persia. At the time of his death in 1556, the Mughal Empire stretched up to one million kilometers. Humayun later lost his right to defeating Pashtun with Sher Shah Suri but later he got it again with the help of Persian. Humayun also made some significant changes in the Mughal court during his reign.
According to the famous historian Rasbruck Williams - 

"The Mughal ruler Babar left an empire for his son which could only be organized in the circumstances of war and was weak, unconstitutional, and baseless for the time of peace."

Babar's Wazir Mir Nizamuddin Khalifa wanted to hand over the henna Khwaja (Babur's Husband's Husband) to the Mughal Empire, but later Wazir asked Humayun to run the system of governance.

War of Navariah

In August, 1532 AD, there was a confrontation between the army of King Humayun and Mahmud Lodi, leading towards Jaunpur, in a place named Dawharia, in which Mahmud was defeated. Mahmoud Lodi had led the Afghan army in this war.

Battle of Kannauj

In the Battle of Kannauj, Mughal and Afghan troops once again appeared in front of each other in 1540 AD. In this war Humayun's army decisively defeated the Afghan army. Humayun left India and continued to live a life of extortion. In this way, he has been living a perfect life for the next 15 years. He took refuge in the court of Shah Tashap A. Aidab of Iran (Persia). He was fully capable of conquering Kandahar from his brother Askari. He conquered Kabul from Kamran in 1547 AD.

Battle of Chausa (1539 AD)

Battle of Chausa was fought in the year 1539 AD under the leadership of Humayun in the middle of the Afghan army under the leadership of the Mughal army and Sher Shah. In this war, the Mughal army was completely defeated before the Afghan army. In a way Humayun was expelled from India.

War with Bahadur Shah

The ruler of Gujarat, Bahadur Shah, took control of Malwa in 1531 AD and the fort of Raisin in 1532 AD. In 1534 AD he attacked Chittor and forced him to the treaty. 

Bahadur Shah created a better artillery with the help of skilled gunner Rumi Khan of Turkey. On the other side, Lion Khan earned a lot of respect by defeating Bengal in the 'Raj of Surajgarh'. His growing power was a matter of concern for Humayun, but Humayun's first problem was Bahadur Shah. 

There was a confrontation between Bahadur Shah and Humayun in 1535 AD in 'Sarangpur'. Bahadur Shah was defeated and Mandu ran away. In this way Malwa and Gujarat came under his control after Humayun conquered Mandu and Champaner. After this Bahadur Shah placed the circle of Chittaur.

Kanvati, the mother of Viktramajit, ruler of Chittor, sent a rakhi to Humayun on this occasion and asked for help against Bahadur Shah. However, the request to not help the disbelieving state of Bahadur Shah was accepted by Humayun. After one year, Bahadur Shah again took over Gujarat and Malwa in 1536 AD, in collaboration with the Portuguese, but Bahadur Shah died in February, 1537 AD.

Battle of Chausa

On June 26, 1539 AD, there was a conflict between the forces of Humayun and the lion in a place called Chausa, situated on the northern bank of river Ganga. This war was lost to Humayun due to some of his mistakes. There was considerable destruction of the Mughal army in the conflict. Humayun escaped from the war zone and resorted to a wall and saved his life by crossing the river Ganges. 
Whilst Bhishti had saved his life in the battle of Chausa, Humayun had made a king of Delhi for a day. After being successful in the battle of Chausa, the lion was equipped with the title of 'Sher Shah' (at the time of coronation), and also ordered the name of his name and stamped his coin.

Tomb

Humayun's Tomb in Delhi

Humayun's Tomb is one of the most historic buildings in Delhi. The tableau of the Mughal carpet civilization can be seen in this area spread over a wide area. There is always a crowd of tourists looking at the structure of this building. When Humayun died suddenly in 1556, his widow, Haji Begam, was also called Hamida Banu, after 9 years, in 1565 he started the construction of this mausoleum which was completed in 1572. 
The finest example of Mughal style, which was inspired by Islamic architecture. It is said that Humayun had acquired the knowledge of the principles of Persian architecture during his exile and probably had planned this tomb himself. Hamida Banu had appointed a Persian architect, Mirak Mirza Giassbeg for this tomb. 
This mausoleum is in the center of a square garden with four orchards on four corners. The fountains are also built on the center. This place for the tomb at the bank of the river Yamuna was chosen because of its proximity to Hazrat Nizamuddin (Dargah). Saint Nizamuddin has become famous Sufi saint of Delhi and has been widely considered by the rulers of Delhi. His then residence was located in the shout-nijamuddin aulia near the place of the tomb.

Bahadur Shah planned a trip to Chittor from the state of Defense. 

When Humayun, a Sardar of Mohammed Jamdev, got away from earnest money and went to the refuge of Bahadurshah. Bahadur Shah refused to ask for the rebel of Humayun. Humayun then invaded Gujarat and defeated Batar Sardar Talatakkhan badly. At that time, Bahadur Shah had encircled Chitra for the second time. Upon getting the news of the defeat of his army from the Mughal army, Bahadur Shah planned a trip to Chittor from the state of Defense. 
But one of his chiefs cleared that when he encircled Chittod, Humayun would not proceed against us. Because on the Chittod, the hoopoe of Bahadur Shahah was a jehad against the infidels in the eyes of Humayun. Even when Humayun stopped at Sarangpur, Chittaur started waiting for the result of the war. 
But the curse of Rakhi from Karnaati did not come despite the hostility of the Bahadur Shah between the jihad. After all, after the victory of Chittaur, Bahadur Shah went to Humayun for the war and lost in the war with the Mughal army near Mandsaur. Upon hearing the news of his defeat, 7000 Rajput soldiers of Chittaur attacked Chitod and drove his soldiers and brought Vikramaditya to Bundi and brought it back to the throne.

Death

In 1545 AD, the blessing of Sher Shah was a boon for Humayun. Sher Shah's successors were not so strong and capable that they could handle the rule made by Sher Shah. Humayun campaigned from Kabul to Delhi in 1555 AD and defeated Afghan ruler Sikandar Suri in Punjab. After that he turned to Delhi and Agra and easily grabbed both of them. Although he could only rule for 6 months and fell slippery on the stairs of his palace, due to which he died.

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